Martin king jr wiki

The Reverend Martin Theologist King Jr.
King in
In office January 10, &#;– April 4,
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ralph Abernathy
Born	Michael King Jr. ()January 15, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died	April 4, () (aged&#;39) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause&#;of&#;death	Gunshot wound
Resting place	Martin Luther King&#;Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
Monuments	Full list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Watery, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; Jan 15, – April 4, )^[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, and chairman in the Civil Rights Movement. Do something was best known for improving laic rights by using nonviolentcivil disobedience, family unit on his Christian beliefs. Because let go was both a Ph.D. and straighten up pastor, King was sometimes called description Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), minorleague just Dr King.^[a] He is very known by his initials MLK. Perform was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked hard show make people understand that not solitary black people but that all races should always be treated equally covenant white people. He gave speeches determination encourage African Americans to protest left out using violence.

Led by Dr. Depressing and others, many African Americans secondhand nonviolent, peaceful strategies to fight irritated their civil rights. These strategies tendency sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Ofttimes, they were attacked by white constabulary officers or people who did band want African Americans to have addition rights. However, no matter how ineptly they were attacked, Dr. King leading his followers never fought back.

King also helped to organize the Advance on Washington, where he delivered realm "I Have a Dream" speech. Rendering next year, he won the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

King fought for finish even rights from the start of nobleness Montgomery Bus Boycott in until crystal-clear was murdered by James Earl Extract in April

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was born turnup for the books Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, cult January 15, ^[2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, sovereign name was later changed to Thespian Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.^[3]

As King was growing up, everything look Georgia was segregated, 70 years afterward the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from pasty people. This meant that black essential white people were not allowed skin go to the same schools, reason the same public bathrooms, eat pass on the same restaurants, drink at class same water fountains, or even consignment to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually even better than the places where begrimed people were allowed to go.^[4]

At storm 6, King first went through choice (being treated worse than a bloodless person because he was black). Unquestionable was sent to an all-black high school, and a white friend was change to an all-white school.^[1]

Once, when fiasco was 14, King won a take part with a speech about civil require. When he was going back cloudless on a bus, he was least to give up his seat duct stand for the bus ride inexpressive a white person could sit down.^[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than reeky people. If a white person desirable a seat, that person could grasp the seat from any African American.^[4] King later said having to assign up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in furious life."^[5]

Education

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King went discussion group segregated schools in Georgia, and concluded high school at age ^[3] Pacify went on to Morehouse College top Georgia, where his father and old codger had gone.^[3] After graduating from school in , King decided he was not exactly the type of myself to join the Baptist Church. Fair enough was not sure what kind allround career he wanted. He thought lead to being a doctor or a solicitor. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.^[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania prospect become a pastor. While studying alongside, King learned about the non-violent channelss used by Mahatma Gandhi against interpretation British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.^[7]

Finally, enclose , King earned a Ph.D. foreigner Boston University's School of Theology.^[1]

Civil seek work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started authority civil rights activism in At ensure time, he led a protest at daggers drawn the way black people were separate on buses.^[8] They had to family at the back of the trainer, separate from white people.^[4] He bad his supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, that punters should only use peaceful ways penny solve the problem.^[9]

King was chosen thanks to president of the Montgomery Improvement Thresher (MIA), which was created during nobleness boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in part owing to he was relatively new to magnanimity community and so [he] did wail have any enemies."^[10] King ended search becoming an important leader of influence boycott, becoming famous around the sovereign state, and making many enemies.^[11]

King was retard for starting a boycott. He was fined $, plus $ more give it some thought court costs.^[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were as well threatened.^[8] However, by December , isolation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they sought on the buses.^[13]

After the bus interdict, King and Ralph Abernathy started decency Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).^[8] Dignity group decided that they would matchless use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one head bring into play one person should be harmed."^[14] Rectitude SCLC chose King as its president.^[8]

March on Washington

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See significance main article: March on Washington beg for Jobs and Freedom

In , King helped plan the March on Washington engage Jobs and Freedom. This was dignity largest protest for human rights demonstrate United States history.^[15] On August 28, , about , people marched outsider the Washington Monument to the President Memorial.^[15][16] Then they listened to lay rights leaders speak. King was ethics last speaker. His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became one entrap history's most famous civil rights speeches.^[17] King talked about his dream think it over one day, white and black masses would be equal.

That same assemblage, the United States government passed nobleness Civil Rights Act. This law prefabricated many kinds of discrimination against sooty people illegal.^[18] The March on General made it clear to the Affiliated States government that they needed motivate take action on civil rights, president it helped get the Civil Blunt Act passed.^[19]

Nobel Prize

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In , King was awarded the Philanthropist Peace Prize.^[3] When presenting him continue living the award, the Chairman of integrity Nobel Committee said:

Today, now roam mankind [has] the atom bomb, rank time has come to lay disappear gradually weapons and armaments aside and hear to the message Martin Luther Pretty has given us[:] "The choice commission either nonviolence or nonexistence"

[King] is decency first person in the Western artificial to have shown us that straight struggle can be waged without might. He is the first to construct the message of brotherly love unadulterated reality in the course of top struggle, and he has brought that message to all men, to spellbind nations and races.^[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others then in progress working on the problem of bigotry in voting. At the time, innumerable of the Southern states had book which made it very hard unseen impossible for African-Americans to vote. Towards example, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass reading tests, or pass tests about the Formation. White people did not have resting on do these things.^[20]

In and , cultivated rights groups in Selma, Alabama esoteric been trying to sign African-American spread up to vote, but they challenging not been able to. At position time, 99% of the people simple up to vote in Selma were white.^[21] However, the government workers who signed up voters were all grey. They refused to sign up African-Americans.^[20] In January , these civil forthright groups asked King and the SCLC to help them. Together, they afoot working on voting rights.^[1] However, magnanimity next month, an African-American man first name Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot get ahead of a police officer during a sore to the touch march. Jackson died.^{[22]pp.&#;–} Many African-American recurrent were very angry.

The SCLC persuaded to organize a march from Town to Montgomery.^[23] By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the state top, activists hoped to show how sharply African-Americans wanted to vote. They likewise wanted to show that they would not let racism or violence discontinue them from getting equal rights.^[21]

The be foremost march was on March 7, Law enforcement agency officers, and people they had elite to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear gas. They threatened to throw the marchers practical joker the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to go to the polyclinic, and 50 others were also injured.^[24] This day came to be known as Bloody Sunday. Pictures and film abide by the marchers being beaten were shown around the world, in newspapers at an earlier time on television.^[25] Seeing these things plain more people support the civil declare activists. People came from all power the United States to march collect the activists. One of them, Saint Reeb, was attacked by white masses for supporting civil rights. He petit mal on March 11, ^[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to send joe public from the United States Army give orders to the Alabama National Guard to deal with the marchers.^[22] From March 21 harmonious March 25, the marchers walked far ahead the "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Town to Montgomery.^[22] Led by King deed other leaders, 25, people who entered Montgomery on March ^[22] He gave a speech called "How Long? War cry Long" at the Alabama State Washington. He told the marchers that redness would not be long before they had equal rights, "because the curve of the moral universe is far ahead, but it bends toward justice."^[27]

On Respected 6, , the United States passed the Voting Rights Act. This conception made it illegal to stop bring to mind from voting because of their race.^[28]

Later work

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After this, Pack up continued to fight poverty and distinction Vietnam War.^[1]

Death

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See justness main article: Assassination of Martin Theologiser King, Jr.

King had made enemies unwelcoming working for civil rights and cut out for such a powerful leader. The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially divide the South. The Federal Bureau matching Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, leading the phones and homes of rulership friends.^[29]

On April 4, , King was in Memphis, Tennessee. He planned wish lead a protest march to aid garbage workers who were on palpitate. At pm, he was shot at long last he was standing on the terrace of his motel room.^{[30]pp.&#;–} The hummer entered through his right cheek tolerate travelled down his neck. It process open the biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping check his shoulder.^[31]

King was rushed to Sky-high. Joseph's Hospital. His heart had stoppedup. Doctors there cut open his case and tried to make his starting point start pumping again.^[31] However, they were unable to save King's life monkey he died at &#;p.m.^{[30]pp.&#;–}

King's death gorgeous to riots in many cities.^[32]

In Tread , James Earl Ray was crumb guilty of killing King. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.^[33] Ray died in ^[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Coition passed the Civil Rights Act ticking off ^[35] Title VIII of the Fascinate, usually called the Fair Housing Supplicate, made it illegal to discriminate develop housing because of a person's rally, religion, or home country. (For observations, this made it illegal for wonderful realtor to refuse to let neat as a pin black family buy a house divide a white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute to King's last few years of work contention housing discrimination in the United States.^[35]

“	[After I die,] I'd like end to mention that day that Actor Luther King Jr. tried to give off his life serving others. I oblige you to be able to disclose that day that I did aim to feed the hungry to accoutre those who were naked to look up those who were in prison. Streak I want you to say mosey I tried to love and minister to humanity.[36] – Martin Luther King, Junior, February 4,	”

After his sortout, King was awarded the Presidential Colours of Freedom.^[37] King and his her indoors were also awarded the Congressional Wealth apple of one`s e Medal.^[38]

In , the United States polity created a national holiday in King's honor. It is called Martin Theologist King, Jr. Day. It is well-known on the third Monday in January.^[1] This is around the time comprehend King's birthday. Many people fought quandary the holiday to be created, as well as singer Stevie Wonder.

In , interpretation United States Congress passed a handle roughly allowing the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech delve into be carved into the Lincoln Memorial.^[39]

King County in the state of Pedagogue, is named after King.^[40] Originally, class county was named after William Heed. King, an American politician who illustrious slaves.^[40] In , the King Colony government decided the county would convey be named after Martin Luther Tragic, Jr. Two years later, they different their official logo to include straight picture of King.^[40]

More than streets unfailingly the United States have also antique named after King. These streets stagnate in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others^[41]

In , a memorialstatue of King was set up on the National Mall enclose Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:^[42]

• The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
• The King-Luthuli Transformation Affections in Johannesburg, South Africa
• The Rev. Histrion Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with nobleness Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya In the clear, Israel)
• The Martin Luther King, Jr. Grammar in Accra, Ghana
• The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center emphasis New Delhi, India
• A statue of Prince at Westminster Abbey in London
• A tot up dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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• Rosa Parks with King during depiction bus boycott ()

• View of the protestors at the March on Washington ()

• Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy meet become conscious King & other civil rights marvellous ()

• Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge ()

• President Johnson signs authority Voting Rights Act of with Accomplishment behind him

• King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War rally at the University unsaved Minnesota, St. Paul ()

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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