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Fouzieh pahlavi biography of alberta

Fawzia of Egypt

Queen of Iran from 1941 to 1948

For other uses, see King Fawzia of Egypt (disambiguation).

Fawzia of Egypt (Arabic: فوزية; 5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known owing to Fawzia Pahlavi or Fawzia Chirine, was an Egyptian princess who became Monarch of Iran as the first helpmeet of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah additional Iran. Fawzia was the daughter put Fuad I, seventh son of Ismail the Magnificent. Her marriage to probity Iranian Crown Prince in 1939 was a political deal: it consolidated Afroasiatic power and influence in the Centre East, while bringing respectability to excellence new Iranian regime by association rule the much more prestigious Egyptian kingly house. Fawzia obtained an Egyptian split in 1948, under which their suggestion daughter Princess Shahnaz would be dead tired up in Iran. Fawzia, who was known as the "sad queen" resource the press, lived in isolation promote silence after the 1952 Egyptian circle and never published her memories comprehend the court of Iran and Empire.

In 1949, Fawzia married Colonel Ismail Chirine, an Egyptian diplomat, with whom she had a son and expert daughter.

Early life and education

Princess Fawzia was born Her Sultanic Highness Potentate Fawzia bint Fuad at Ras el-Tin Palace, Alexandria, the eldest daughter do paperwork Sultan Fuad I of Egypt skull Sudan (later King Fuad I), become calm his second wife, Nazli Sabri card 5 November 1921.[2] Princess Fawzia was of Albanian and Circassian descent running off her father's side, and French be proof against Egyptian descent from her mother.[3][4][5] Grouping mother's maternal grandfather was Major Usual Mohamed Sherif Pasha, prime minister challenging minister of foreign affairs, who was of Turkish-Circassian origin.[6] She was high-mindedness great-great-granddaughter of Muhammad Ali of Empire as well as the great-granddaughter bank the French-born officer Suleiman Pasha.[7] Suleiman Pasha served under Napoleon, converted render Islam, and oversaw an overhaul waste the Egyptian army under her great-great-grandfather Muhammad Ali Pasha the Great.

In addition to her sisters, Faiza, Faika and Fathia, and her brother, Farouk,[8] she had two half-siblings, Fawkia take Ismail, from her father's previous extra to Princess Shwikar Khanum Effendi. Potentate Fawzia was fluent in English dominant French in addition to her array Arabic.[9]

Her beauty was often compared abolish that of film stars Hedy Lamarr and Vivien Leigh.[10]

Marriage

The marriage of Ruler Fawzia to Iran's Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was planned by representation latter's father, Rezā Shāh.[11] A declassified CIA report in May 1972 asserted the union as a political move.[12] The marriage was also significant advance that it united a Sunni regal, the princess, and a Shia be in touch, the crown prince.[13] The Pahlavis were a parvenu house as Reza Caravansary, the son of a peasant who entered the Iranian Army as skilful private, rising up to become practised general, had seized power in great 1921 coup. He was most distressed to have the House of Shah married to the House of Muhammad Ali, which had reigned over Empire since 1805.[14]

The Egyptians were not upset with the gifts sent by Reza Shah to King Farouk to inveigle him to marry his sister calculate the prince Mohammad Reza. When block off Iranian delegation arrived in Cairo render arrange the marriage, the Egyptians took the Iranians on a tour loom the palaces built by Isma'il Authority, known as "Isma'il the Magnificent", perform show them proper royal splendor.[15] Solemn Farouk was not initially interested false marrying off his sister to position Crown Prince of Iran, but Aly Maher Pasha, the king's favorite federal adviser, persuaded him that a wedding alliance with Iran would improve Egypt's position within the Islamic world increase in intensity against Britain.[16] At the same gaining, Maher Pasha was working on compact to marry off Farouk's other sisters to King Faisal II of Irak and to the son of Amir Abdullah of Jordan, intending to make an Egyptian-dominated bloc in the Mean East.[17] To prepare for life beginning Iran, Fawzia was assigned a mentor to teach her Persian.[15]  

Fawzia and Pahlavi were engaged in Might 1938.[18][19] However, they saw each new only once before their wedding.[20] They married at the Abdeen Palace locked in Cairo on 15 March 1939.[13][21] Pretty Farouk took the couple on keen tour of Egypt, showing them honesty pyramids, Al-Azhar University, and other popular sites.[22] The contrast between the Enfold Prince Mohammad Reza, dressed in interpretation simple uniform of an Iranian dignitary, and the lavish opulence of leadership Egyptian court typified by the marvellously free-spending Farouk in his expensive suits, was much remarked upon at glory time.[22] After the wedding, King Farouk had a twenty-course meal to observe the nuptials at the Abdeen Palace.[23] At the time Prince Mohammad Reza lived in awe of his cocky father, Reza Shah, and was hag-ridden by Farouk, who was considerably improved self-confident.[23] Afterwards, Fawzia departed for Persia together with her mother, Queen Nazli, on a train trip that byword the electricity break down several days, causing the two women to touch like they were going on a-ok camping trip.[24]  

When they shared to Iran the wedding ceremony was repeated at the Marble Palace, Tehran, which was also their future residence.[9][20] As Mohammad Reza spoke no Turki (one of the languages of excellence Egyptian elite, the other being French) and Fawzia was described as build on only "competent" in Persian, the two talked to each other in French, entertain which both were fluent.[15] Upon appearance in Tehran, Reza Shah had loftiness main streets of Tehran decorated catch on banners and arches, and had put in order celebration at the Amjadieh stadium nerve-wracking by 25,000 of the Iranian sole with synchronized acrobatics by students lifetime followed by bastani (Iranian calisthenics), double talk, and football.[25] The wedding dinner was a French-style dinner with "caviar implant the Caspian Sea", "Consommé Royal", powerful, fowl and lamb.[26] Fawzia disliked Reza Khan, whom she described as neat as a pin violent and thuggish man prone pick up attacking people with either his thrash or riding crop.[17] In contrast call for the French food she had fully fledged up with in Egypt, Fawzia mix the food at the Iranian have a shot sub-par.[24] In the same way, Fawzia found that the palaces of Persia could not be compared to nobility palaces that she had grown purpose in Egypt.[22]

Queen of Iran

Following the wedding, the Princess was granted Iranian nationality.[27] Two years later the crown lord succeeded his exiled father and was to become the Shah of Persia. Soon after her husband's ascent thicken the throne, Queen Fawzia appeared practised the cover of the 21 Sept 1942, issue of Life magazine, photographed by Cecil Beaton, who described respite as an "Asian Venus" with "a perfect heart-shaped face and strangely ghastly but piercing blue eyes."[21] She undisclosed the newly founded Association for position Protection of Pregnant Women and Offspring (APPWC) in Iran.[28]

With Mohammad Reza Dominant Pahlavi, the king of Iran, she had one child, a daughter:[29]

The extra was a failure. Fawzia was deep unhappy in Iran, and often forfeited her homeland of Egypt.[31] Fawzia's advertise with her mother-in-law and her sisters-in-law were notably tempestuous as the Potentate Mother and her daughters saw overcome as a rival for Mohammad Reza Shah's affections, and the women night and day feuded with each other.[32] One show signs Mohammad Reza's sisters broke a disagree over Fawzia's head.[33] The womanizing Mohammad Reza Shah was frequently unfaithful shut Fawzia, and was often seen drive around with other women in Tehran from 1940 onward.[32] Popular rumor challenging it that Fawzia for her almost all had an affair with her childminder, described as an athletic, handsome fellow, though her friends insist that that was merely malicious gossip.[33] Fawzia's son-in-law, Ardeshir Zahedi told the Iranian-American annalist Abbas Milani in a 2009 discussion about the rumors: "She is top-notch lady and never veered from excellence path of purity and fidelity".[33] Make the first move 1944 onward, Fawzia was treated pointless depression by an American psychiatrist, laugh she stated her marriage was spiffy tidy up loveless one and she desperately loved to go back to Egypt.[34]

Queen Fawzia (the title of empress was whine yet used in Iran at put off time) moved to Cairo in May well 1945[35] and obtained an Egyptian break-up. The reason for her return was that she viewed Tehran as ill-timed in contrast to modern, cosmopolitan Cairo.[36][37] She consulted an American psychiatrist assume Baghdad for her troubles shortly earlier she left Tehran.[35] On the joker hand, CIA reports claim that Emperor Fawzia ridiculed and humiliated the Principal due to his supposed impotence, surpass to their separation.[37] In her make a reservation Ashraf Pahlavi, twin sister of probity Shah, argues that it was ethics Princess not the Shah who gratuitously for divorce.[20] Fawzia left Iran home in on Egypt, and despite numerous attempts a sure thing the part of the Shah journey persuade her to return, she remained put in Cairo.[38] Mohammad Reza put into words the British ambassador in 1945 roam his mother was "probably the advertise obstacle to the return of integrity Queen".[38]

This divorce was first not sanctioned for several years by Iran, however eventually an official divorce was imitative in Iran, on 17 November 1948, with Queen Fawzia successfully reclaiming afflict previous distinction of Princess of Empire as well. A major condition own up the divorce was that her bird be left behind to be semicircular in Iran.[39] Incidentally, Queen Fawzia's kinsman, King Farouk, also divorced his leading wife, Queen Farida, in November 1948.[39][40]

In the official announcement of the breakup, it was stated that "the Iranian climate had endangered the health make famous Queen Fawzia, and that thus argue with was agreed that the Egyptian King's sister be divorced." In another justifiable statement, the Shah said that integrity dissolution of the marriage "cannot mock-up by any means the existing midstream relations between Egypt and Iran."[41] Back end her divorce Princess Fawzia headed distinction Egyptian court.[36]

Later life

On 28 March 1949, at the Koubba Palace in Port, Princess Fawzia married Colonel Ismail Chirine (or Shirin) (1919–1994), who was integrity eldest son of Hussein Chirine Time off and his wife, HH Princess Amina Bihruz Khanum Effendi.[42][43] He was systematic graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, ground a one-time Egyptian minister of fighting and the navy. Following the nuptial rite they lived in an estate infamous by the Princess in Maadi, Cairo.[43][44] They also resided in a subversive in Smouha, Alexandria.[45] Unlike her important marriage, this time Fawzia married optimism love and she was described reorganization far happier being married to Colonel Chirine than she ever had bent to the Shah of Iran.[46]

They difficult to understand two children, one daughter and see to son:[47]

  • Nadia Chirine (19 December 1950, Cairo[48] – October 2009). She married at or in the beginning (and divorced) Yusuf Shabaan, an African actor.[45] Her second husband was Mustafa Rashid. She had two daughters, skin texture with each husband:
  • Hussein Chirine (1955–2016)

Fawzia lived in Egypt after the 1952 Revolution that toppled King Farouk.[49] Prince Fawzia's death was mistakenly reported upgrade January 2005. Journalists had confused brush aside with her niece, Princess Fawzia Farouk (1940–2005), one of the three progeny of King Farouk.

Death

In her consequent life, Princess Fawzia lived in Town, where she died on 2 July 2013 at the age of 91.[2][50] Her funeral ceremony was held care noon prayers at Sayeda Nafisa Refuge in Cairo on 3 July.[51] She was buried in Cairo next humble her second husband.[21] At her contract killing, she was the oldest member be partial to the deposed Muhammad Ali dynasty householder in Egypt.

Legacy

A town in Persia, Fawziabad, was named for Princess Fawzia in 1939.[9] A street in Maadi, Cairo, was again named for become emaciated in 1950 as Amira Fawzia roadway, but in 1956 it was renamed as Mustafa Kamel street.[52]

Honours

Gallery

  • Queen Fawzia unwanted items Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi and their daughter, Princess Shahnaz in Tehran generous the Second World War.

  • The wedding rite of Princess Fawzia and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. From left to right: Sought-after Farouk of Egypt (the bride's brother), Princess Fawzia (the bride) and primacy Crown Prince of Iran (the groom).

  • Commemoration Medallion of Marriage of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and Princess Fawzia lady Egypt – March 1939 – Rank medallion is now in Sahebgharanie fortress in Niavaran Palace complex.

Ancestry

References

  1. ^Cotpy, Muhammad (2019). تاريخ مصر عبر العصور - الجزء الثالث [History of Egypt through Eras - Vol 3] (in Arabic). Vol. 3. Daralkotob. p. 260. ISBN .
  2. ^ ab"Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt". The Telegraph. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  3. ^Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1980). "The French Ancestry make famous King Farouk of Egypt". Burke's Regal Families of the World. Vol. II: Continent & the Middle East. London: Burke's Peerage. p. 287. ISBN . OCLC 18496936.
  4. ^Rosten, David Embarrassed (2015), "Queen Nazli Sabri", The Final Cheetah of Egypt: A Narrative Earth of Egyptian Royalty from 1805 bump 1953, iUniverse, ISBN 
  5. ^Samir Raafat (March 2005). "Women whose husbands ruled the realm"(PDF). Egyptian Europe Organization. Archived from high-mindedness original(PDF) on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  6. ^Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000). Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 191. ISBN .
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  8. ^"Nazli". A Bit possession History. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  9. ^ abc"Colorful Fetes Mark Royal Wedding that longing Link Egypt and Persian". The Meriden Daily Journal. 13 March 1939. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  10. ^Hansen, Suzy (21 Dec 2013). "Queen Fawzia". The New Dynasty Times Magazine. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  11. ^Camron Michael Amin (2002). The Making submit the Modern Iranian Woman: Gender, Speak Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865-1946. Establishment Press of Florida. p. 137. ISBN .
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  13. ^ ab"Princess Fawzia of Egypt Married". The Meriden Routine Journal. Cairo. AP. 15 March 1939. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
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  15. ^ abcMiliani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 p. 63.
  16. ^Stadiem, William Too Rich, New York: Harper Collins, 1991 pp. 170–171.
  17. ^ abStadiem, William Too Rich, Newborn York: Harper Collins, 1991 p. 171.
  18. ^Charmody, Diedre (27 July 1973). "Nixon far to see Shah". The Leader Post. New York. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  19. ^Rizk, Yunan Labib (2–8 March 2006). "Royal mix". Al Ahram Weekly (784). Archived from the original on 25 June 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  20. ^ abc"Earlier Marriages Ended in Divorce. Deposed Gaekwar of baroda of Iran". The Leader Post. Perimeter. 29 July 1980. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
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  28. ^Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh (2011). Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Civics of Motherhood in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 113. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195308860.001.0001. ISBN .
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  30. ^Jeffrey Leeward (2000). Crown of Venus. Universe. p. 51. ISBN .
  31. ^Miliani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 p. 90.
  32. ^ abMiliani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 p. 78.
  33. ^ abcMiliani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 p. 139.
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  38. ^ abMiliani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 p. 138.
  39. ^ ab"Queens Lack 1 Heirs, Lose Mates". Pittsburgh Post Gazette. Cairo. AP. 19 November 1948. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  40. ^Bernard Reich (1990). Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle Eastmost and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 188. ISBN .
  41. ^"2 Moslem Rulers let the man and bride divorce if they need to", The New York Times, 20 November 1948, page 1.
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External links

Media related to Fawzia Fuad at Wikimedia Commons