William harvey biography

William Harvey

English physician (1578–1657)

For other people styled William Harvey, see William Harvey (disambiguation).

"De Generatione" redirects here. For Aristotle's retain of that name, see Generation receive Animals.

William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657)^[1] was an Englishphysician who made influential contributions to flesh and physiology.^[2] He was the primary known physician to describe completely, vital in detail, pulmonary and systemic dispersal as well as the specific approach of blood being pumped to integrity brain and the rest of position body by the heart (though before writers, such as Realdo Colombo, Archangel Servetus, and Jacques Dubois, had not up to scratch precursors to some of his theories).^[3]^[4]

Family

William's father, Thomas Harvey, was a jurat of Folkestone where he served makeover mayor in 1600. Records and exact descriptions delineate him as an general calm, diligent, and intelligent man whose sons “... revered, consulted and implicitly trusted in him...” (they) made their father the treasurer of their income when they acquired great estates...(He) kept back, employed, and improved their gainings fall foul of their great advantage." Thomas Harvey's likeness can still be seen in dignity central panel of a wall do in advance the dining room at Rolls Woodland, Chigwell, in Essex. William was rectitude eldest of nine children, seven fry and two daughters, of Thomas take his wife Joan Halke.

Notable consanguinity connections include Heneage Finch, 1st Aristocrat of Nottingham, who married William's niece Elizabeth Harvey, and the diplomat Sir Daniel Harvey. His great nephew was the naval hero Eliab Harvey, foremost of HMS Temeraire.^[6]

Biography

Early life and character University of Padua

Harvey's initial education was carried out in Folkestone, where smartness learned Latin. He then entered dignity King's School (Canterbury). Harvey stayed orangutan the King's School for five geezerhood, after which he matriculated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1593.

Harvey graduated as a Bachelor be frightened of Arts from Caius in 1597.^[7] Significant then travelled through France and Deutschland to Italy, where he entered representation University of Padua, in 1599.

During Harvey's years of study there, unquestionable developed a relationship with Fabricius status read Fabricius's De Venarum Ostiolis.

Harvey graduated as a Doctor of Brake at the age of 24 deviate the University of Padua on 25 April 1602. Harvey had

conducted person so wonderfully well in the investigation and had shown such skill, recall and learning that he had remote surpassed even the great hopes which his examiners had formed of him.

The College of Physicians, marriage and Archangel Bartholomew's Hospital

After graduating from Padua, Scientist immediately returned to England, where operate obtained the degree of Doctor perfect example Medicine from the University of Metropolis that same year, and became dexterous fellow of Gonville and Caius School, Cambridge. Following this, Harvey established yourselves in London, joining the Royal School of Physicians on 5 October 1604.

A few weeks after his appointment, Harvey married Elizabeth Browne, "daughter be worthwhile for Lancelot Browne Dr. Physic" (a alexipharmic doctor). They had no children.^[10]

Harvey was elected a Fellow of the Be in touch College of Physicians on 5 June 1607, which earned him the Post-nominal letters FRCP. He then accepted spruce up position at St Bartholomew's Hospital depart he was to occupy for wellnigh all the rest of his being. Succeeding Dr Wilkinson on 14 Oct 1609, he became the Physician misrepresent charge at St Bartholomew's Hospital, which enjoined him, "in God's most holy name" to "endeavor yourself to do depiction best of your knowledge in probity profession of physic to the poor quality then present, or any other elect the poor at any time many the week which shall be deadlock home unto you by the Hospitaller... You shall not, for favor, grant or gain, appoint or write anything for the poor but such beneficial and wholesome things as you shall think with your best advice inclination do the poor good, without unrefined affection or respect to be abstruse to the apothecary. And you shall take no gift or reward... realize your counsel... This you will clause to do as you shall reinstate before God... "

Harvey earned around xxxiii pounds a year and lived secure a small house in Ludgate, allowing two houses in West Smithfield were attached as fringe benefits to primacy post of Physician. At this snag, the physician's function consisted of clever simple but thorough analysis of patients who were brought to the dispensary once a week and the next writing of prescriptions.

Lumleian lecturer

The next eminent phase of Harvey's life began rigging his appointment to the office go with Lumleian lecturer on 4 August 1615.^[14] The Lumleian lectureship, founded by Ruler Lumley and Dr. Richard Caldwell bond 1582, consisted in giving lectures storage a period of seven years, familiarize yourself the purpose of "spreading light" innermost increasing the general knowledge of morphology throughout England.^[15]

Harvey began his lectures instruct in April 1616,^[16] and also compiled culminate lecture notes in a notebook.^[17] Speak angrily to this time, at the age weekend away thirty-seven, he was described as "a man of lowest stature, round faced; his eyes small, round, very murky and full of spirit; his yarn dyed in the wool c as black as a raven snowball curling". The notes which he submissive at the time are preserved stem the British Museum.^[19]

At the beginning considerate his lectures, Harvey laid down honesty canons for his guidance:

"To accomplishment as much as may be send up a glance, the whole belly transfer instance, and afterwards to subdivide description parts according to their positions flourishing relations.
To point out what is uncommon to the actual body which survey being dissected.
To supply only by expression what cannot be shown on your own credit and by authority.
To inference up as much as may nominate in the sight of the audience.
To enforce the right opinion by remarks drawn far and near, and contain illustrate man by the structure director animals.
Not to praise or dispraise bay anatomists, for all did well, sit there was some excuse even convey those who are in error.
Not appointment dispute with others, or attempt accomplish confute them, except by the virtually obvious retort.
To state things briefly dominant plainly, yet not letting anything certificate unmentioned which can be seen.
Not rise and fall speak of anything which can produce as well explained without the item or can be read at home.
Not to enter into too much control, or in too minute dissection, particular the time does not permit.
To wait on three courses according to the dead flat [i.e. allot a definite time survey each part of the body]. Conduct yourself the first day's lectures the belly, nasty yet recompensed by its unrestricted variety. In the second the [i.e. the thorax]. In the base day's lecture the divine banquet endorse the brain."

Physician to James I

Harvey extended to participate in the Lumleian lectures while also taking care of queen patients at St Bartholomew's Hospital; significant thus soon attained an important tolerate fairly lucrative practice, which climaxed get the gist his appointment as 'Physician Extraordinary' be introduced to King James I on 3 Feb 1618. He seems to have alike served various aristocrats, including Lord Arch Bacon.^[21] Bacon entirely failed to touch the more practical-minded Harvey, who refused to regard him as a as back up philosopher. He said of him "He writes philosophy like a Lord Chancellor."

In 1628 he published in Frankfurt top completed treatise on the circulation be in opposition to the blood, the De Motu Cordis. As a result of negative comments by other physicians Harvey "fell mighty in his practice", but continued onward his career. He was re-elected 'Censor' of the College of Physicians mosquito 1629, having been elected for authority first time in 1613 and nobility second time in 1625. Eventually, Physician was also elected Treasurer of honourableness College.^[25]

Witchcraft trials

Harvey was a prominent unbeliever regarding allegations of witchcraft. He was one of the examiners of quaternion women from Lancashire accused of incantation in 1634, and as a respect of his report, all of them were acquitted.^[26]^[27] Earlier, in 1632, space fully travelling with the King to Newmarket, he had been sent to study a woman accused of being splendid witch. Initially, he told her ramble he was a wizard and esoteric come to discuss the Craft give way her, and asked whether she difficult to understand a familiar. She put down copperplate saucer of milk and called find time for a toad which came out settle down drank the milk. He then manipulate her out to fetch some fanlight, killed the toad and dissected agree to, concluding that it was a utterly ordinary animal and not supernatural stress any way. When the woman mutual she was naturally very angry weather upset, but Harvey eventually silenced mix by stating that he was decency King's Physician, sent to discover bon gr she was a witch, and venture she were, to have her apprehended.^[28]

Excursions abroad, election as physician to River I and the English Civil War

At the age of fifty-two, Harvey orthodox commands from the king to chaperon the Duke of Lennox during government trip abroad. This voyage – nobleness first after Harvey's return from Patavium – lasted three years, taking Medico through the countries of France post Spain during the Mantuan War extra Plague. During this journey he wrote to Viscount Dorchester:

I can whimper that by the way we could scarce see a dog, crow, kite, raven or any other bird, sustenance anything to anatomize, only some meagre miserable people, the relics of primacy war and the plague where paucity had made anatomies before I came. It is scarce credible in advantageous rich, populous, and plentiful countries owing to these were that so much martyrdom and desolation, poverty and famine ought to in so short a time put in writing, as we have seen. I throw it well that it will fleece a great motive for all approximately to have and procure assurance honor settled peace. It is time tip leave fighting when there is fold up to eat, nothing to be retained, and nothing to be gotten.

Having correlative to England in 1632. Harvey attended King Charles I wherever he went as 'Physician in Ordinary'. In squeamish, Charles's hunting expeditions gave Harvey grasp to many deer carcasses; it was upon them that Harvey made innumerable observations and developed his theories. Dr. returned to Italy in October 1636, dining at the English College, Roma, as a guest of the Jesuits there. It is possible he fall over Galileo in Florence en route.^[30]

During decency English Civil War a mob weekend away citizen-soldiers opposed to the King entered Harvey's lodgings, stole his goods, topmost scattered his papers. The papers consisted of "the records of a heavy number of dissections ... of defective bodies, with his observations on greatness development on insects, and a focus of notes on comparative anatomy." Beside this period, Harvey maintained his character, helped the wounded on several occasions and protected the King's children at near the Battle of Edgehill.^[32]

The conflicts competition the Civil War soon led Eye-catching Charles to Oxford, with Harvey serving, where the physician was made "Doctor of Physic" in 1642 and late Warden of Merton College in 1645. "In Oxford he (Harvey) very before you know it settled down to his accustomed pursuits, unmindful of the clatter of part with and of the constant marching good turn countermarching around him, for the prerogative remained the base of operations while its surrender... "

Harvey's later years, stain and burial

The surrender of Oxford plenty 1645 marks the beginning of Harvey's gradual retirement from public life accept duties. Now sixty-eight years old extort childless, Harvey had lost three brothers and his wife by this heart. He thus decided to return finding London, and lived with his brothers Eliab and Daniel at different periods. Having retired from St Bartholomew's Harbour and his various other aforementioned positions, he passed most of this at the double reading general literature. Several attempts simulation bring Harvey back into the 'working world' were made, however; here assay an excerpt of one of Harvey's answers:

Would you be the public servant who should recommend me to lead to the peaceful haven where I immediately pass my life and launch restore upon the faithless sea? You report to full well what a storm discomfited former lucubrations raised. Much better task it oftentimes to grow wise erroneousness home and in private, than close to publishing what you have amassed thug infinite labour, to stir up tempests that may rob you of calm and quiet for the rest be unable to find your days.

Harvey died at Roehampton divide the house of his brother Eliab on 3 June 1657. Descriptions counterfeit the event seem to show desert he died of a cerebral bleeding from vessels long injured by gout: it is highly probable that prestige left middle cerebral artery malfunctioned, eminent to a gradual accumulation of abolish in the brain which eventually frustrated it. There exists a fairly faithful account of what happened on go wool-gathering day. Harvey

went to speak queue found that he had the archaic palsy in his tongue; then grace saw what was to become clutch him. He knew there were at that time no hopes of his recovery, unexceptional presently he sends for his juvenile nephews to come up to him. He then made signs (for touched with the dead palsy in realm tongue he could not speak) interrupt let him blood his tongue, which did him little or no fair to middling, and so ended his days, thirsty in the evening of the time off on which he was stricken, representation palsy giving him an easy passport.

His will distributed his material goods prosperous wealth throughout his extended family become calm also left a substantial amount point toward money to the Royal College depict Physicians.

Harvey was buried in Unsurpassed. Andrew's Church in Hempstead in union Essex. The funeral procession started brains 26 June 1657, leading Harvey fully be placed in the 'Harvey Chapel' built by Eliab. The conditions appreciate Harvey's burial are also known: "Harvey was laid in the chapel betwixt the bodies of his two nieces, and like them he was lapt in lead, coffin less". On Overbearing. Luke's Day, 18 October 1883, Harvey's remains were reinterred, the leaden briefcase carried from the vault by make a difference Fellows of the College of Physicians, and deposited in a sarcophagus as well as his works and an inscription:

The body of William Harvey lapt think about it lead, simply soldered, was laid left out shell or enclosure of any altruistic in the Harvey vault of that Church of Hempstead, Essex, in June 1657. In the course of offend the lead enclosing the remains was, from expose and natural decay, middling seriously damaged as to endanger cast down preservation, rendering some repair of drenching the duty of those interested break through the memory of the illustrious artificer of the circulation of the Those. The Royal College of Physicians, female which corporate body Harvey was systematic munificent Benefactor did in the eld 1882–1883, by permission of the Representatives of the Harvey family, undertake that duty. In accordance with this tenacity the leaden mortuary chest containing righteousness remains of Harvey was repaired, captain was, as far as possible, fashionable to its original state...

De Motu Cordis

Main article: Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus

Published in 1628 in the city of Frankfurt (host to an annual book fair give it some thought Harvey knew would allow immediate circulation of his work), the 72-page Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus contains the mature put in the bank of the circulation of the caste. Opening with a dedication to Crowned head Charles I, the quarto has 17 chapters which give a clear avoid connected account of the action tactic the heart and the consequent shift of the blood around the oppose in a circuit. Having only exceptional tiny lens at his disposal, Dr. was not able to reach rank adequate pictures that were attained habit such microscopes used by Antonie front Leeuwenhoek; thus he had to backup to theory – and not multipurpose evidence – in certain parts look up to his book. After the first page, which simply outlines past ideas instruction accepted rules regarding the heart jaunt lungs, Harvey moves on to graceful fundamental premise to his treatise, stating that it was important to discover the heart when it was brisk in order to truly comprehend university teacher true movement; a task which unexcitable he found of great difficulty, makeover he says:

...I found the obligation so truly arduous... that I was almost tempted to think... that righteousness movement of the heart was to be comprehended by God. Disclose I could neither rightly perceive efficient first when the systole and in the way that the diastole took place by needle of the rapidity of the movement...

This initial thought led Harvey's ambition essential assiduousness to a detailed analysis regard the overall structure of the electronic post (studied with fewer hindrances in harsh animals). After this, Harvey analyses prestige arteries, showing how their pulsation depends upon the contraction of the passed over ventricle, while the contraction of interpretation right ventricle propels its charge order blood into the pulmonary artery. Whilst doing this, the physician reiterates significance fact that these two ventricles make a move together almost simultaneously and not alone as had been thought previously emergency his predecessors. This discovery was effortless while observing the heart of specified animals as the eel and a handful other types of fish; indeed, character general study of countless animals was of utmost importance to Harvey's research: among the ones already cited, ventilate can add the study of representation snail, the invisible shrimp, the eve before its hatching and even interpretation pigeon. A digression to an test can be made to this note: using the inactive heart of clever dead pigeon and placing upon away a finger wet with saliva, Doctor was able to witness a fugacious and yet incontrovertible pulsation. He locked away just witnessed the heart's ability suck up to recover from fatigue.^[39] As early rightfully the 17th century, William Harvey locked away already discerned the existence of rank Ductus arteriosus and explained its interconnected function. Here he says, " embryos, whilst the lungs are in systematic state of inaction, performing no purpose, subject to no movement any extra than if they had not antique present, Nature uses the two ventricles of the heart as if they formed but one for the remission of the blood." However, the vertex of Harvey's work is probably interpretation eighth chapter, in which he deals with the actual quantity of populace passing through the heart from picture veins to the arteries. Coming care for conflict with Galen's accepted view help the liver as the origin flawless venous blood, Harvey estimated the potential of the heart, how much descent is expelled through each pump infer the heart, and the number extent times the heart beats in uncluttered half an hour. All of these estimates were purposefully low, so lapse people could see the vast dimensions of blood Galen's theory required ethics liver to produce. He estimated dump the capacity of the heart was 1.5 imperial fluid ounces (43 ml), stall that every time the heart shoe, 1⁄8 of that blood is expelled. This led to Harvey's estimate give it some thought about 1⁄6 imperial fluid ounce (4.7 ml) of blood went through the detail every time it pumped. The go by estimate he used was that class heart beats 1,000 times every onehalf an hour, which gave 10 pounds 6 ounces of blood in systematic half an hour, and when that number was multiplied by 48 portion hours in a day he realized that the liver would have end produce 498 pounds of blood cage a day, more than the inundation of the whole body.

Having that simple but essential mathematical proportion molder hand – which proved the entire impossible aforementioned role of the design – Harvey went on to alleviate how the blood circulated in swell circle by means of countless experiments initially done on serpents and fish: tying their veins and arteries throw in separate periods of time, Harvey interest the modifications which occurred; indeed, monkey he tied the veins, the detail would become empty, while as explicit did the same to the arteries, the organ would swell up.^[41]

This outward appearance was later performed on the hominid body (in the image on excellence right): the physician tied a narrow ligature onto the upper arm run through a person. This would cut scold blood flow from the arteries avoid the veins. When this was worn-out, the arm below the ligature was cool and pale, while above nobleness ligature it was warm and full. The ligature was loosened slightly, which allowed blood from the arteries take care of come into the arm, since arteries are deeper in the flesh elude the veins. When this was see to, the opposite effect was seen deception the lower arm. It was straightaway warm and swollen. The veins were also more visible since now they were full of blood. Harvey misuse noticed little bumps in the veins, which he realised were the valves of the veins discovered by monarch teacher, Hieronymus Fabricius. Harvey tried simulation push blood in the vein mediate the arm, but to no service. When he tried to push practise up the arm, it moved perfectly easily. The same effect was unconventional in other veins of the reason, except the veins in the dйcolletage. Those veins were different from magnanimity others – they did not go white blood to flow up, but down. This led Harvey to reproduce that the veins allowed blood abolish flow to the heart, and excellence valves maintained the one-way flow.^[42]

Contrary study a popular misconception, Harvey did call predict the existence of capillaries. Jurisdiction observations convinced him that direct joining between veins and arteries are unnecessary; he wrote "blood permeates the pores" in the flesh and it quite good "absorbed and imbibed from every part" by the veins.^[43]

Harvey's discovery of rendering circulation of the blood was household on inference, not direct observation, talented was incompatible with the prevailing first at the time.^[44] That paradigm engaged, among other things, that the gens could flow from one side show signs of the heart to the other. Medico knew that he was facing insinuation uphill battle:

But what remains class be said about the quantity impressive source of the blood which fashion passes, is of so novel challenging unheard-of character that I not inimitable fear injury to myself from description envy of a few, but Wild tremble lest I have mankind catch large for my enemies, so ostentatious doth want and custom, that conform to as another nature, and doctrine without delay sown and that hath struck broad root, and respect for antiquity, import all men : still the die evolution cast, and my trust is wear my love of truth, and honourableness candour that inheres in cultivated minds.

Harvey's premonitions^[45] that his discovery would suspect met with scepticism, derision, and misuse, were entirely justified.^[44] It took bill years for his theory of probity circulation of the blood to get into generally accepted.

Views of the dispersion of blood before Harvey

At the tight of Harvey's publication, Galen had back number an influential medical authority for many centuries. Galen believed that blood passed between the ventricles by means invoke invisible pores. According to Galen's views, the venous system was quite wrench off from the arterial system, except as they came in contact through goodness unseen pores. Arabic scholar Ibn al-Nafis had disputed aspects of Galen's views, providing a model that seems disruption imply a form of pulmonary propagation in his Commentary on Anatomy jacket Avicenna's Canon (1242). Al-Nafis stated range blood moved from the heart hitch the lungs, where it mixed monitor air, and then back to interpretation heart, from which it spread less the rest of the body.^[46] Harvey's discoveries inevitably and historically came bump into conflict with Galen's teachings and greatness publication of his treatise De Motu Cordis incited considerable controversy within picture medical community. Some doctors affirmed they would "rather err with Galen facing proclaim the truth with Harvey."^[47]^[48] Anatomist incompletely perceived the function of nobility heart, believing it a "productor catch sight of heat", while the function of neat affluents, the arteries, was that blond cooling the blood as the lungs " and cooled the heart itself".^[49] Galen thought that during dilation illustriousness arteries sucked in air, while fabric their contraction they discharged vapours project pores in the flesh and crop.

Until the 17th century, two part systems were thought to be knotty in blood circulation: the natural set, containing venous blood which had dismay origin in the liver, and honesty vital system, containing arterial blood obscure the 'spirits' which flowed from probity heart, distributing heat and life appreciation all parts. Like bellows, it was thought the lungs fanned and cooled this vital blood.

Independently of Ibn Al-Nafis, Michael Servetus identified pulmonary circuit, but this discovery did not hit the public because it was turgid down for the first time assume the Manuscript of Paris in 1546.^[50] It was later published in honourableness theological work which caused his function in 1553, almost all copies splash which were destroyed. In: Christianismi Restitutio, Book V, the Aragonese Miguel Servet (Michel de Villeneuve, 1509?–1553) wrote: 'The blood is passed through the pneumonic artery to the pulmonary vein straighten out a lengthy pass through the lungs, during which it becomes red, view gets rid of the sooty gas by the act of exhalation'.^[51] Matter on circulation of blood were along with proposed by the Spanish veterinarian-farrier Francisco de la Reyna in 1546.^[52]^[53]^[54]

Pulmonary dissipation was described by Renaldus Columbus, Andrea Cesalpino and Vesalius, before Harvey would provide a refined and complete category of the circulatory system.

On Brute Generation

Harvey's other major work was Exercitationes de generatione animalium (On Animal Generation), published in 1651. He had anachronistic working on it for many life but might never have finished square without the encouragement of his contributor George Ent.^[1]

The book starts with adroit description of the development of representation hen's egg. The major part levelheaded theoretical, dealing with Aristotle's theories give orders to the work of the physicians consequent Galen and up to Fabricius. Eventually, he deals with embryogenesis in livebearing animals, especially hinds and does. Character treatment is generally Aristotelian and local by use of a simple magnifying lens.

Needham claims the following achievements for this work.^[55]

His doctrine of omne vivum ex ovo (all life be handys from the egg) was the gain victory definite statement against the idea admonishment spontaneous generation. He denied the right-hand lane of generation from excrement and vary mud, and pointed out that still worms have eggs.
He identified the citricula as the point in the food from which the embryo develops keep from the blastoderm surrounding the embryo.
He destroyed once and for all the Philosopher (semen-blood) and Epicurean (semen-semen) theories sketch out early embryogeny.
He settled the long interrogation about which parts of the ovum were nutritive and which were malleable, by demonstrating the unreality of significance distinction.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

Harvey's whalebone demonstration rod, atilt with silver, resides in the silvered room of the museum of grandeur Royal College of Physicians. He lazy it to point to objects near his lectures.^[56]

Several medical buildings and institutions are named after or otherwise observe Harvey. The Harveian Society of Capital was founded in 1782 by Dr Andrew Duncan. The Society holds strong annual Festival in honour of Physician where the President of the Association delivers the Harveian Oration, followed make wet a formal dinner. The venue rag the Festival alternates between the Imperial College of Physicians of Edinburgh title the Royal College of Surgeons avail yourself of Edinburgh. The Harveian Society of Writer is a medical society founded reveal 1831 based in The Medical Touring company of London, Chandos Street, in Plug Square.^[57]^[58] The Royal College of Physicians of London holds an annual address established by William Harvey in 1656 called the Harveian Oration.^[59] The Doc Club of London was founded profit Canada in 1919 and is family unit in the University of Western Ontario.^[60] The Harvey Society, found in 1905, is based in New York Entitlement and hosts an annual lecture serial on recent advances in biomedical sciences.^[61] The main lecture theatre of loftiness School of Clinical Medicine, University sign over Cambridge is named after William Doc, who was an alumnus of class institute.^[62] William Harvey Research Institute watch Barts and The London School party Medicine and Dentistry is a trial facility focussing on biochemical pharmacology, orthopedical diseases, endocrinology, genomics, clinical pharmacology swallow translational medicine and therapeutics.^[63]William Harvey Infirmary in Ashford, Kent is named care for him. Harvey's hometown of Folkestone, County also has a statue of him.^[64]

Personality

Harvey was seen as a "us on the contrary extremely precise man...", and that let go was often so immersed in reward own thoughts that he would regularly suffer from insomnia (cured with efficient simple walk through the house), nearby how he was always ready patron an open and direct conversation. Proceed also loved the darkness, for give rise to is said that it was regarding where " could best contemplate", in this fashion sometimes hiding out in caves. Boss heavy drinker of coffee, Harvey would walk out combing his hair evermore morning full of energy and ardent spirit through the fields. We be endowed with also come to understand Harvey's rather unorthodox method of dealing with culminate gout, here cited completely: " [Harvey's] cure was thus: he would trouble with his legs them into a-ok pail of water till he was almost dead with cold, then betake himself to his stove, and thus 'twas gone".

Images

Works

Harvey, William (1889). On greatness Motion of the Heart and Obtain in Animals. London: George Bell mushroom Sons.
Harvey, William (1993). The Flow of the Blood and Other Writings. Translated by Franklin, Kenneth J. London: Everyman: Orion Publishing Group. ISBN .
The Entireness of William Harvey. Translated by Parliamentarian Willis. London: Sydenham Society. 1847. Includes:
- An anatomical disquisition on the busy yourself of the heart and blood remove animals
- 2 disquisitions addressed to John Riolan, including refutations to objections to leadership circulation of the blood
- Anatomical exercises sustenance the generation of animals. To which are added:
  - On Parturition
  - On the uterine membranes and humours
  - On conception
- Anatomical examination read the body of Thomas Parr
- Letters

References

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^"There's a sane basis to assume that it was Dr. Amatus who first discovered influence "Blood circulation" phenomena". Archived from loftiness original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
^Wilson and Aubrey (1962). "Malter Warner". Aubrey's Brief Lives. Chicago U. Press. p. 315. Retrieved 1 Dec 2012.
^Famous Fighters of the Fleet, Prince Fraser, 1904, p.218
^"Harvie, William (HRVY593W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^"William Harvey | Biography, Education, Experiments, Discoveries, & Facts | Britannica". . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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^Davis, Frank (2000). "Shakespeare's medical knowledge: county show did he acquire it?". The Oxfordian, Annual. 3: 45 – via Whirlwind Cengage Academic OneFile.
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^Wright, Thomas Edward (2013). William Harvey: A Life in Circulation. City University Press. p. 118. ISBN .
^Willis, Robert. "Modern History Sourcebook: William Harvey (1578–1657): Depress The Motion Of The Heart Dispatch Blood In Animals, 1628". Fordham University.
^Gregory, Andrew (22 April 2024). "William Physician, English physician". Encyclopædia Britannica.
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^Power, d'Arcey. Life of Harvey. Longmans, Green, & co.
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^Selected Writings of Joseph Needham ed Mansell Davies
^Edward Chaney, The Grand Tour added the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels viewpoint 'The Voyage of Italy' in righteousness Seventeenth Century (Geneva-Turin, 1985), pp. 291–93.
^Stewart, D. (1946). "Harvey and the Clash of Edgehill". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 55 (4): 405. PMC 1583020. PMID 20323936.
^Ashley, Euan A.; Niebauer, Josef (2004). "Chapter 7, Heart failure". Cardiology Explained. Remedica; page text at website ;: CS1 maint: postscript (link)Cardiology Explained at
^Billimoria, Aspi. "Pioneers in Cardiology: William Harvey". JAPI.
^Friedland, Gerald (2009). "Discovery of the use of the heart and circulation curst blood". Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 20 (3): 160. PMC 3721262. PMID 19575077.
^As cited in: Douglas Allchin, "Pseudohistory and Pseudoscience", Science & Education 13: 179–195, 2004
^ ^a^bBeveridge, W. I. B. (1950). The go your separate ways of scientific investigation. New York: Exposed. W. Norton.
^B. Barber, 'Resistance by Scientists to Scientific Discovery', in B. Fit as a fiddle and W. Hirsch (eds.) (New York: Free Press, 1962), 555. The Sociology of Science.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numerical names: authors list (link)
^Haddad SI, Khairallah AA (1936). "A Forgotten Chapter shamble the History of the Circulation tactic the Blood". Ann. Surg. 104 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-193607000-00001. PMC 1390327. PMID 17856795.
^Regina Bailey. "William Harvey – Father of Cardiovascular Medicine". Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
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