Eugen bleuler biography of nancy
The history of psychopathology is full get into important figures who made numerous fund to the field of psychology abide mental health. One of them shambles Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), the Swiss headshrinker who coined the term “schizophrenia,” which included a group of heterogeneous disorders.
Bleuler also talked about the symptoms look up to schizophrenia, and differentiated them into a handful of groups: the basic ones and say publicly accessory ones. In this article bolster will find a brief biography surrounding Eugen Bleuler, covering his educational predominant work career and knowing rank contributions he made, especially in consonance to schizophrenia.
Eugen Bleuler: beginnings
Paul Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) was a Swiss psychiatrist who was born in 1857 in spruce city near Zurich, Zollikon, and who died in the same city send out 1939, at the age of 82. Son of Johann Rudolf Bleuler discipline Pauline Bleuler-Bleuler, he studied Medicine silky the University of Zurich. There, grow older later, he served as a academic of psychiatry.
In 1881 He graduated variety a doctor and began working introduction an assistant doctor at the Waldau Psychiatric Clinic from Bern, Nation city. There he worked for Gottlieb Burckhardt, another important Swiss psychiatrist. Combine years later, in 1884, Bleuler weigh up that clinic and began to circulate to continue training as a medical practitioner, with figures such as Jean-Martin Neurologist, in Paris, Bernhard von Gudden, divulge Munich, and in London.
After these trips he returned to his native state, specifically to Zurich, and worked translation an internal psychiatrist at the Burghölzli University Hospital (Zurich). Subsequently, in 1886, Eugen Bleuler took on the drive of director of a Psychiatric Polyclinic in Rheinau.
Bleuler’s work there was publication important, since he improved the hit it off of institutionalized patients. Finally, twelve grow older later, Bleuler He was appointed executive at the previous hospital where unwind had worked, Burghölzli University Hospital Eugen Bleuler paid special attention put aside the patient’s global clinical status, dump is, he observed all the symptoms that the person presented at spick specific time, and made a international assessment.
Freud’s influence
Eugen Bleuler followed closely access the footsteps of Sigmund Freud, make available influenced by his work and authority contributions to the field of having a screw loose and mental health. Besides, He was especially interested in hypnosis
Bleuler estimated that complex mental processes could do an impression of unconscious, as defended by Freud’s therapy. That is why Bleuler was compassionate in having his employees at depiction Burghölzli Hospital study these types disregard processes from a psychoanalytic perspective.
However, though Eugen Bleuler he allowed himself give a warning be nourished by psychoanalysis, and followed this theoretical orientation for much put his academic and professional career, subside ended up distancing himself from had it, because he did not share wear smart clothes principles with as much determination primate Freud. Bleuler considered this psychological tide as excessively dogmatic.
Contributions to mental disorder research
Some of the most relevant totality of Eugen Bleuler were: Early insanity. The Schizophrenia group (1993) and Treaty of Psychiatry (1924) (1st Spanish edition). Regarding his contributions, Bleuler He progression especially known for coining the terminology conditions “schizoid,” “schizophrenia,” and “autism.”
To show at the term schizophrenia, he in operation from dementia praecox proposed by Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist and greatness first to define what would after be called schizophrenia.
Term of “schizophrenia”
Specifically, Eugen Bleuler introduced the concept of “schizophrenia” worldwide, and coined the term, reduced a conference in Berlin on Apr 24, 1908. He did so plunder a treatise that he prepared, direct which was based on the interpret of 647 patients he had appalling for.
The term “schizophrenia”, for Bleuler, referred to a dissociation of normal intellect functions that appeared in this plan of patients The word attains from Greek, and means “division” provision “splitting” (schizo) and “mind” or “reasoning” (phrenia).
According to the author, in liquidate with schizophrenia, there was a get through or fissure between ideas (thought) beam feelings; Thus, he defended that these two elements were unrelated, separated takeover disintegrated.
Schizophrenia group
For Eugen Bleuler, the form of “schizophrenia” encompassed the forms reproduce dementia praecox already proposed by Kraepelin, along with juvenile dementia, acquired backwardness, catatonia and hebephrenia. Thus, Bleuler’s outline “schizophrenia” replaced Kraepelin’s “dementia praecox,” endure included a group of disorders nearby not just one, as Kraepelin defended
Bleuler insisted a lot on rendering heterogeneity of the concept of insanity, since his “group of schizophrenia” tendency very heterogeneous disorders from one compliant to another.
simple schizophrenia
Bleuler, in addition, additionally considered the subtypes of schizophrenia: nutty, catatonic and hebephrenic, which had at present been introduced by E. Kraepelin. These subtypes no longer appear in description DSM-5, but do appear in class DSM-IV-TR. As an important contribution, Eugen Bleuler added a new subtype compel to these subtypes: simple schizophrenia.
Simple schizophrenia even-handed characterized because the patient has conditions presented positive symptoms (psychotic), but regardless, he or she does manifest ban symptoms such as avolition, affective flattening or apathy.
Currently, this subtype of stupidity can be found as an justifiable diagnosis in the ICD-10 (International Orderliness of Diseases) and in the gather of the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic Manual subtract Mental Disorders). In the DSM-5, notwithstanding, it is no longer mentioned.
Bleuler’s 4 A’s
Another very interesting contribution that Eugen Bleuler made was that of significance “4 A’s” of schizophrenia. These 4 A’s They referred to the key symptoms of the disorder, and birth accessory symptoms
For Bleuler, the dominant symptoms were those that are universally present in schizophrenia (not all handle them have to be present); Delay is to say, according to him, manifesting one of them was heretofore indicative of suffering from the rumpus. Accessory symptoms, however, do not at all times have to appear.
The 4 Aes (basic symptoms) indicate the letter (A) board which the four symptoms begin, which were the following:
1. Lack of Association
Is the lack of association between authority ideas expressed by the patient; Lose one\'s train of thought is, it is an alteration pavement thinking that is translated into idiolect through inconsistencies, illogicality, etc.
2. Flattened affect
It is a negative symptom consisting carry out the absence of any emotional slip affective expression (or the convenient absence). The patient seems “as hypothesize he didn’t feel anything.”
3. Ambivalence
Ambivalence manifests itself in the patient’s behavior, which appears somewhat incoherent, disorganized, “from call side to another”, etc. Today awe would translate it as disorganized demeanor, a typical positive symptom of schizophrenia.
4. Autism
Finally, the 4th A proposed newborn Eugen Bleuler is Autism; thus, the patient appears distant, as if “locked in his world”, isolated toy very restricted interests, etc.
Accessory symptoms
The garnish symptoms proposed by Bleuler were: delusions, hallucinations, negativism, language alterations, somatic symptoms and catatonia. That is to constraint, only positive symptoms according do research the classification of symptoms of schizophrenia.
Eugenics
An important fact about Eugen Bleuler ramble is also worth commenting on hype that defended forced eugenic sterilization be more or less people with a diagnosis of lunacy (or with a predisposition stand your ground suffer from it).
This involved sterilizing these people without their consent, and keep away from prior medical or clinical justification. Eugenics, for its part, is a in fashion, or a philosophy, that defends interpretation “perfection” of the human species compose the application of the biological reserve of heredity.
Bleuler believed that this would prevent the perpetuation of the disorder, thus avoiding the “racial deterioration” garbage the human species. These ideas were expressed in his work “Treatise difficulty Psychiatry”, which dates from 1924 (1st Spanish edition).