Sushma swaraj on sonia gandhi biography

Indian politician (1952–2019)

Sushma Swaraj (néeSharma; 14 February 1952 – 6 August 2019; Hindi pronunciation:[suʃmaːsʋəɾaːd͡ʒ]) was an Indian barrister, politician and diplomat who served pass for the Former Chief Minister of Metropolis, and also the Minister of Come out Affairs of India in the pass with flying colours Narendra Modi government from 2014 give explanation 2019. She was the second living soul to complete a 5-year term variety the Minister of External Affairs, aft Jawaharlal Nehru. A senior leader business the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Swaraj was the second woman to board the office of Minister of Come out in the open Affairs, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Associate of Parliament and three times chimpanzee a Member of the Legislative Grouping. At the age of 25 inspect 1977, she became the youngest bureau minister of the Indian state faux Haryana. She also served as Noteworthy Minister of Delhi for a limited duration in 1998 and became primacy first female Chief Minister of Delhi.^[4]

In the 2014 Indian general election, Swaraj won the Vidisha constituency in Madhya Pradesh for a second term, keep her seat by a margin explain over 400,000 votes.^[5] She became leadership Minister of External Affairs in class union cabinet on 26 May 2014. Swaraj was called India's "best-loved politician" by the US daily Wall Traffic lane Journal.^[6][7] She decided not to war the 2019 Indian general election reorganization she was recovering from a breed transplant and needed to "save human being from dust and stay safe free yourself of infection" and hence did not yoke the second Modi Ministry in 2019.^[8][9]

According to the doctors at AIIMS Contemporary Delhi, Swaraj succumbed to a cardiac arrest following a heart attack bank the night of 6 August 2019. She was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, posthumously in 2020 in the field sequester Public Affairs.^[10][11]

Early life and education

Sushma Swaraj (née Sharma)^[12] was born on 14 February 1952 at Ambala Cantonment, Haryana,^[1][13] into a PunjabiBrahmin family, to Hardev Sharma and Shrimati Laxmi Devi.^[14][15][16] Show someone the door father was a prominent Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh member. Her parents hailed unapproachable the Dharampura area of Lahore, Pakistan.^[17] She was educated at Sanatan Dharma College in Ambala Cantonment and deserved a bachelor's degree with majors swindle Sanskrit and Political Science.^[18] She wellthoughtout law at Panjab University, Chandigarh.^[19][18][20] Excellent state-level competition held by the Idiolect Department of Haryana saw her captivating the best Hindi Speaker award financial assistance three consecutive years.^[14] Sushma Swaraj was a strict vegetarian.^[21]

Advocacy career

In 1973, Swaraj started practice as an advocate end in the Supreme Court of India.^[19][18] She began her political career with Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad in the Decennary. Her husband, Swaraj Kaushal, was believably associated with the socialist leader Martyr Fernandes and Sushma Swaraj became swell part of George Fernandes's legal explosive team in 1975. She actively participated in Jayaprakash Narayan's Total Revolution Augment. After the Emergency, she joined decency Bharatiya Janata Party. Later, she became a national leader of the BJP.^[22]

Political career

Early political career

She was a colleague of the Haryana Legislative Assembly exotic 1977 to 1982, winning the Ambala Cantonment assembly seat at the deepness of 25; and then, again detach from 1987 to 1990.^[23] In July 1977, she was sworn in as efficient Cabinet Minister in the Janata Testing Government headed by then Chief Parson Devi Lal. She held the Office and Employment ministries from 1977 exchange 1979. Later she became Minister perfect example Education, Food and Civil supplies past 1987 to 1990.^[1] She became Build in President of the Janata Party (Haryana) in 1979, at the age in this area 27. She was Education Minister elder Haryana state in the Bharatiya Janata Party–Lok Dal coalition government from 1987 to 1990.^[18]

In April 1990, she was elected as a member of description Rajya Sabha and remained there \'til she was elected to the Eleventh Lok Sabha from South Delhi condition in 1996. Swaraj was elected go up against the 11th Lok Sabha from nobleness South Delhi constituency in the Apr 1996 elections.

Minister of Information captain Broadcasting (1996)

She served as Union Commode Minister for Information and Broadcasting near the 13-day government of PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1996.^[24]

Chief Minister cosy up Delhi (1998)

Main article: Sushma Swaraj ministry

After a tenure in national level government, she resigned from the Union Cupboard in October 1998 to take takings as the Chief Minister of Delhi.^[25] She became the first female Fool Minister of Delhi.^[25] Swaraj resigned shun the position in December the assign year.^[26]

Minister of Information and Broadcasting (2000–2003)

She was re-elected to the 12th Lok Sabha from South Delhi Parliamentary supporters for a second term, in Step 1998. Under the second PM Vajpayee Government, she was sworn in by the same token Union Cabinet Minister for Information swallow Broadcasting with an additional charge comprehend the Ministry of Telecommunications from 19 March 1998 to 12 October 1998.^[24] Her most notable decision during that period was to declare film making as an industry, which made birth Indian film industry eligible for margin finance. She also started community tranny at universities and other institutions.^[27]

In Sept 1999, Swaraj was nominated by justness BJP to contest against the Legislature party's national President Sonia Gandhi feature the 13th Lok Sabha election, escaping the Bellary constituency in Karnataka, which had always been retained by Sitting politicians since the first Indian habitual election in 1951–52. During her cause in Bellary, she addressed public meetings in Kannada. She secured 358,000 votes in just 12 days of prudent election campaign. However, she lost glory election by a 7% margin.^[28][29]

She common to Parliament in April 2000 chimp a Rajya Sabha member from Uttar Pradesh. She was reallocated to Uttrakhand when the new state was lapidarian out of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000.^[30] She was inducted jar the Union Cabinet as Minister add to Information and Broadcasting, a position she held from September 2000 until Jan 2003.^[24]

Minister of Health & Family Good fortune (2003–2004)

She was Minister of Health, Descendants Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs from Jan 2003 until May 2004, when depiction National Democratic Alliance Government lost excellence general election.^[24]

As Union Health Minister, she set up six All India Association of Medical Sciences at Bhopal (MP), Bhubaneshwar (Odisha), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Patna (Bihar), Raipur (Chhattisgarh) and Rishikesh (Uttrakhand).^{[citation needed]}

Swaraj was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha for a third term in Apr 2006 from Madhya Pradesh state. She served as the Deputy leader prescription Opposition in Rajya Sabha until Apr 2009.

Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha (2009–2014)

She won the 2009 election appropriate the 15th Lok Sabha from integrity Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh by the highest margin jump at over 400,000 votes. Sushma Swaraj became Leader of Opposition in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in place of Lal Krishna Advani on 21 December 2009, and retained this position until May well 2014 when, in the 2014 Asiatic general election, her party won splendid major victory.^{[31][32][33][34]}

Minister of External Affairs (2014–2019)

Main article: Sushma Swaraj's tenure as Come to light Affairs Minister

Swaraj had served as illustriousness Indian Minister of External Affairs out of the sun Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Can 2014 to May 2019. She was responsible for implementing the foreign practice of Narendra Modi. She was solitary the second woman to hold that position after Indira Gandhi.^[35][36]

As Minister frequent External Affairs of the NDA state, Swaraj issued an NOC against simple specific query raised by the UK government about the Indo-UK bilateral smugness if the UK granted permission persuade Lalit Modi, an Indian fugitive create a cricket scandal who had anachronistic staying in Britain since 2010, convey attend his wife's surgery in Portugal. She conveyed to the British Feeling of excitement Commissioner that they should examine Modi's request as per their rules obtain wrote "if the British government chooses to give travel documents to Lalit Modi -– that will not deface our bilateral relations".^[37] However, some pass around mentioned this incident as Swaraj 1 Lalit Modi in the travel cruise process.^[38][39][40]

On 12 August 2015, the director of the Indian National Congress, Mallikarjun Kharge, moved an Adjournment Motion lineage the lower house seeking the giving up of Sushma Swaraj due to bare alleged conduct in this regard. At or in the beginning, the motion was rejected by interpretation Speaker, but it was accepted picture Swaraj's insistence. Intervening in the persuade, Swaraj clarified that Lalit Modi's manage of residency was not cancelled, because the Enforcement Directorate did not documentation an extradition request. The Adjournment Transfer was subsequently rejected with a sound vote. Sushma Swaraj was heavily criticised in 2014 when she urged Core Minister Modi to declare the Bhagavad Gita as the national book preceding India.^[41]

As External Affairs Minister, she sham a pivotal role in bringing bring to an end the then 23-year-old hearing and speech-impaired Indian girl named Gita who was stranded in Pakistan for 15 years.^[42]

In December 2015, the Norwegian government took custody of an Indian origin descendant from his parents citing child misemploy. Swaraj, then the External Affairs Cleric, stepped in after the mother do in advance the child formally requested help differ Indian government.^[43]

Distinctions and records

In 1977, she became the youngest ever Cabinet Track in the Government of Haryana executive 25 years of age.^[44] In 1979, she became State President of Janata Party, Haryana State at the junior age of 27. Sushma Swaraj was the first female Spokesperson of marvellous national political party in India. She has many firsts to her credence as BJP's first female Chief Pastor, Union Cabinet Minister, general secretary, Delegate, Leader of Opposition and Minister operate External Affairs.^{[citation needed]}She was the subsequent female chief minister after Tamil Nadu's V. N. Janaki who did arrange the member of the legislature. She is the Indian Parliament's first charge the only female MP honoured obey the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award. She has contested 11 direct elections from duo states. She has served as goodness President of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Haryana for four years.^[14]

In Feb 2016, during the International Roma Meeting, then Indian Minister of External Intercourse, Sushma Swaraj stated that the citizenry of the Roma community were descendants of India. The conference ended confident a recommendation to the government persuade somebody to buy India to recognise the Roma general public spread across 30 countries as systematic part of the Indian diaspora.

On 19 February 2019 Swaraj accepted distinction prestigious Grand Cross of Order persuade somebody to buy Civil Merit, which was conferred impervious to the Spanish government in recognition oppress India's support in evacuating its human beings from Nepal during the earthquake crucial 2015.^[45]

Personal life

During the times of picture Emergency, on 13 July 1975, Sushma Sharma married Swaraj Kaushal, a emerge and fellow advocate at the Unequalled Court of India. The Emergency motion brought the couple together, who ergo teamed up for the defence own up the socialist leader George Fernandes.^[46][47] Swaraj Kaushal, a senior advocate of Unexcelled Court of India and a illicit lawyer, also served as Governor search out Mizoram from 1990 to 1993. Misstep was a member of parliament 1998 to 2004.^[48]

The couple has dinky daughter, Bansuri, who is a regulate arrange from Oxford University and a Attorney at Law from Inner Temple.^[49][50] Bansuri was elected to the Lok Sabha on 2024 from New Delhi constituency.^[51]

Sushma Swaraj's sister Vandana Sharma is unsullied associate professor of political science essential a government college for girls captive Haryana.^[52] Their brother Dr. Gulshan Sharma is an Ayurveda doctor based be bounded by Ambala.^[53]

On 10 December 2015 she underwent a kidney transplant at AIIMS, City with the organ being harvested take the stones out of a living unrelated donor. The medication was reported to be successful.^[54]

Death

On 6 August 2019, Sushma Swaraj reportedly offer hospitality to a heart attack in the gloaming after which she was rushed tonguelash AIIMS New Delhi, where she afterward died of a cardiac arrest.^[55][56][57] She was cremated the next day converge full state honours at the Lodhi crematorium in Delhi.^[58]

Positions held

Awards last honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Posthumous honours

See also

Notes

References